Heroes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by Joseph...

Heroes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by Joseph Campbell Many would agree that although there are many stories about heroes, they all seem similar in some way. Joseph Campbell wrote many books about this theory of a hero cycle that every hero story follows. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, this pattern is clearly exemplified and it shows the numerous steps in Joseph Campbells idea of the hero cycle. The first step in Campbells hero cycle is the call. This is when the hero of the story is drawn into some type of journey, challenge, or adventure. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, this step occurs after the Green Knight enters the castle and requests a challenge, and no one but King Arthur will accept it. Then, Sir†¦show more content†¦The Green Knight agrees if Gawain will come to wherever he thinks the Green Knight will be. Of course, Gawain has no clue where he would find him, so the Green Knight says that he will tell him if Gawain can hit him square on the neck. Then Sir Gawain strikes him directly on his neck, and the Green Knights head rolls off. The Green Knight proceeds to pick up his head and leave, while bleeding terribly from the neck as if he were unharmed. Before he leaves, he tells Sir Gawain to come to the Green Chapel when they agreed. So then a year passes before Gawain comes across his second trial. It occurs while Gawain stays in the castle of a hospitable lord before he is to meet again with the Green Knight. During his stay, the lord and Sir Gawain agree to exchange what each has won during the day (Ponsor 128). For three days the lord brings back what he has hunted, and Gawain gives him the kisses he has received from the lady of the castle. However, he also received a magical green scarf from the lady on the third day, but fails to exchange it for it is a token of good luck. When Sir Gawain finally meets with the Green Knight, he prepares to be struck with a scythe, but the Green Knight ends up only giving him a minor scratch on the neck. This is because the knight was testing his honor, and he scratched him because he did not maintain his honor on that third day. He was supposed to hand overShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1200 Words   |  5 Pagesfictional writing, cultural values of certain time periods have been expressed and implemented through the depiction of the heroes’ experiences on their journeys and the knowledge they gain by the quest’s end. For example, in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a chivalric romance written in the Late Middle Ages, Gawain epitomizes a knight with the characteristics that knights from the Late Middle Ages were expected to possess according to the requirements outlined in the rules of chivalry, such asRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesAges, Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, both reflect attributes of loyalty, specifically the testing of one’s loyalty and the consequences of di sloyalty, which reflect the behavior and values shared by the Anglo-Saxons and the people of the Late Medieval era. When analyzing loyalty in both of these works one will see that one’s own self-worth turns loyalty into selfishness to save oneself rather than risking one’s life for the sake of the community. Joseph Campbell outlined archetypesRead MoreBeowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay2373 Words   |  10 Pagescase in the works Beowulf from the Anglo-Saxon period and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight from the Late Middle Ages. Both heroes Beowulf and Sir Gawain represent certain customs for their respective communities; however, the three hundred and fifty years between these two works contribute to the contrasting views in the definition of the aforementioned standards. Through a thorough examination of the Monomyth, a pattern identified in Joseph Campbell’s Hero with a Thousand Faces, a paradigm shift ofRead MoreHeroes : The Green Knight And Oed ipus1156 Words   |  5 Pagesday. Joseph Campbell, an American mythologist, once said â€Å"the hero is the man of self achieved submission.† A hero must also go through the twelve stages which include: call to adventure, assistance/departure, trials, approach, crisis, treasure, result, returning to their ordinary world, new life, resolution and returning to status quo. Heroes such as Beowulf, The Green Knight and Oedipus, are all seen as heroes for different reasons. However, these heroes are portrayed as archetypal heroes, meaningRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Sir Gawain Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagessociety values. Beowulf and Sir Gawain are examples of two different types of literature which were written at different times during ages where certain ideals were upheld. These ideals, which were popular in their corresponding eras, in some ways contrast and in other ways resemble each other. Nevertheless, they were shaped in accordance with the archetypal structure tha t permeates all literary works--that of the Monomyth, a concept first developed by Joseph Campbell in his monumental work TheRead MoreThe Heroes Of Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay2116 Words   |  9 Pagespossess, as suggested by Joseph Campbell in his monumental work The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Such narrative poems as Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight represent what the Anglo-Saxons and the Middle English saw as both acceptable and non-acceptable demeanor. Both works possess the same values and beliefs while others, distinctly oppose, something that can be clearly observed through the careful archetypal study of the heroes of Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In Beowulf, the

A Kingdom Strange By John Horn - 1271 Words

A Kingdom Strange by John Horn is a history book about settlers trying to establish the first English colony in America. They faced many obstacles and challenges trying to establish the colony of Roanoke. Before the English ventured to Roanoke Europeans explored and settled the New World. The Spanish were the most successful in settling the New World. They conquered most of Central and South America. Their main objective was to convert all of the Indians to Christianity. â€Å"Spain’s claim to posses the Americas was based on discovery, conquest, and settlement, but even more important, it was founded on the sacred enterprise of extending the Catholic faith to (in Spanish eyes) â€Å"barbarous† native peoples† (Horn 12). The English investors,†¦show more content†¦Queen Elizabeth’s goal for New World exploration and settlement was to better her country and its people. â€Å"And the bill had been something of promotional coup in emphasizing Eliza beth’s explicit wish that her people benefit from the establishment of colonies and her hope that rich unknown land would be discovered† (Horn 64). The English men and women joined the ventures in hopes to better their own life or that of their families. Another reason some joined the venture was that they hoped to be able to freely practice their own religion in the Americas. â€Å"The opportunity to worship according to their own beliefs in America may have been a major incentive for some settlers to join White’s venture† (Horn 133). Most of the settlers that White was recruiting were people that he knew or people that he was recruiting knew. â€Å"At least a third of the settlers were related to other members of the group† (Horn 130). The settlers represented many different kinds of groups. A group that they represented was the Puritans. â€Å"There is a strong possibility that some of the London colonists were Puritans. London was at the heart of the English Puritan movement after the restoration of the Protestant church in 1558† (Horn 131). They also had a middle class background. â€Å"Most of the colony’s ruling group came from respectable middle-class backgrounds† (Horn 126). By settling in the Roanoke Colony they hoped to achieve a better life for themselves or their families back home. Life in

The New Internet NGI Essay Example For Students

The New Internet NGI Essay As the internet continues to integrate itself into the daily routine of millions of people worldwide, the narrow possibilities of current download and viewing speed continue to constrain the amount of information that is accessible and how fast it can be retrieved. The government, in conjunction with numerous computer and telecommunications companies, has set forth the Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiative. Experts predict that in the next few years, internet users will have more bandwidth than they could ever use.While most NGI connections are currently concentrated on educational institutions and government use, more widespread use is just over the millennial horizon. Once upon a time, the world revolved around the 14.4 Kbps modem. It was the fastest thing on the market, and nothing could touch it. This lasted about as long as the 586 chip, for it was not long until the 28.8 Kbps modem revolutionized the industry with its â€Å"lightening quick† downloads and amazing bandwidth possibilities. Other speeds were pushed by smaller competitors on the modem market, but the next big jump was to 56 Kbps modems. Federal regulations held download speeds to 54 K, but that didn’t matter because finally the technology was starting to emerge that would allow live audio and video streams to make TV obsolete – almost. 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps networks were the standard for businesses and educational institutions, and for the most part they still are. From personal experience, 10 Mbps connections are amazing, as 8 MB files zip across the network at speeds blasting past 200 Kbps and still climbing as the file transfer is completed. Home users and o ther smaller businesses now enjoy the speed of cable and ISDN modem connections that rival most networks, and for those with money to burn, satellite connections are the end all for home users. While this is nice, content on the internet is still limited by what low-end users will tolerate waiting for, which can be rather frustrating to those looking for true real time video and other bandwidth-greedy applications. Here is where NGI comes into the equation. http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/2001/313369b.htmlNGI provides the opportunity for bandwidth able to handle applications that require at least 600 Mbps of bandwidth.Such applications include things like DVD-quality video transmission, real-time VRML (virtual-reality markup language), and language tutors that speak the language to you in a real time conversation better than the natives do. Don’t rush to the store asking where you can get NGI just yet. Currently, the company with the hold on the market is an MCI conglomeration called vBNS+ (very high performance backbone network service). Most of the computers taking advantage of mutli-gigabyte per second transfer rates have web addresses that end in .edu, and also big research facilities like the National Center for Atmospheric Research.The biggest and best connection by far is MCI’s pipeline connecting Los Angeles and San Fransisco, currently running at speeds at or exceeding 2.5 Gbps. One example of high speed conne ctions meeting the ordinary human with less than a doctorate degree is illustrated in PCComputing’s article on NGI: â€Å"†¦consider peaceful Ashton, Oregon. Ashland, population 19,000, boasts Shakespeare in the summer, picket fences, and a fiber-optic network connecting everyone in town. On its citywide gigabit network, residents get 3 Mbps to 5 Mbps transfer rates around the clock, giving them some of the highest personal bandwidth rates in the country.†Does this mean that we will all soon laugh about the good old days when we spent two hours downloading a game demo? Don’t hold your breath yet. Is the future of the internet moving backs to its roots as an educational and business application, only now with full-screen video conferencing and true speed of light downloads? Quite possibly. .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed , .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .postImageUrl , .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed , .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed:hover , .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed:visited , .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed:active { border:0!important; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed:active , .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b577ad8024182bf697612e9185190ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Color Bearer Tradition The War Between the Sta EssayThe initiative currently is underwritten by a few notable participating agencies with deep pockets. DARPADefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDoE Department of EnergyNASANational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNISTNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyAgencyPresident’s FY 1998 BudgetPresident’s Proposed FY 1999 BudgetTruly we live in a time when the internet is in every part of many lives. It is a source of news, a way to research quickly, to be entertained, to find a date for Friday night. The day is coming, and in fact very visible, when the internet will jump to the next generation and be able to handle things we can only see in movies and in science fiction novels. NGI is the current plan, and many agencies have committed the money to see that it finds widespread acceptance as the new way to transfer almost everything under the sun. The future may be now, and the internet may be the way to communicate, but many people are aiming to keep communication as true to life as possible for the internet of tomorrow. â€Å"About the Next Generation Internet (NGI) Initiative.† http://www.ngi.gov/sc98/about.pdf November 21, 1999. Conley, Jim. â€Å"Business at Warp Speed.† http://www.zdnet.com/pccomp/stories/all/0,6605,2386414,00.html November 21, 1999. *actual magazine page used for footnote citations, article accessed from online version. â€Å"How You Can Participate in the Next Generation Internet (NGI) Initiative.† http://www.ngi.gov/sc98/how.pdf November 21, 1999. Bibliography:

Solving ethical dilemma free essay sample

Alice, a manager at Shore Manufacturing’s plants, faces a dilemma. Her boss told her in the strictest confidence that the company will have to make workers redundant and the rumour is circulating round the plant. Her old school friend, who now works for her, asks her â€Å"Am I going to lose my job? † This essay will examine this ethical dilemma, evaluating and highlighting the process for moral decision making with the significant ethical theories. Through the process for solving the ethical problem, she may ensure that her decision is ethical and fair. An ethical dilemma may be defined as a problem situation in which there can be less immoral choices, but â€Å"there is no obvious right or wrong† (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011, p. 64). Alice is in an ethical dilemma because her decision may conflict with her moral values whether or not she tells her friend about the redundancies. Then how could she morally choose the right decision in her way? To solve the ethical dilemma faced her, she could utilise the six step process, which is called an ethical decision making progress. We will write a custom essay sample on Solving ethical dilemma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She firstly identifies the ethical issues involved, defines the problem she has. Secondly she identifies alternatives from a variety point of view, listing the options she could choose. For the next step, she considers the available moral imagination-Alice should perceive her moral issues of both company and her friend, through using the ethical theories. Next, she should consider how a decision affects stakeholders about the effects from her decision making. Now, make a decision. For the last step, she monitors, learns and reflects on the decision making (Weiss, 2003). Ethical theories and principles bring significant help to the decision making, so Alice needs to consider several ethical theories to make a decision. The first ethical theory that she could consider, is known as egoism. It can be explained that the results, consequences determined the rightness of an action (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). The term ‘ego’ means the unique identity of the individual human self. This theory pursues the better consequences as a person enhances one’s welfare and benefits, not for their society or others (Hartman Desjardins, 2008). It means egoism concerns with one’s desires and getting what one want. â€Å"What is right for you may be wrong for me? † (Weiss, 2003, p. 78) Only individual’s values suggest directions for his or her actions on the theory. If Alice tells her friend about the redundancies, she may face being fired from the company or she may have disadvantages in a way. This gives her the bad consequences. Nevertheless, if she does not tell her friend, and the relationship between Alice and her friend breaks, then that situation also can be a bad result for her. The decision on the theory may not be accurate, or not be defined as right or wrong, because a person may decide things by what I perceive as ‘fact’ (Weiss, 2003). Alice may conflicts with herself and others’ beliefs. Like egoism, utilitarianism is based on consequences, but concerned with the greatest total amount of everyone’s happiness (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). The right or wrong actions themselves are not really significant, but their consequences for everyone are important rather than my good and benefits. This word, utilitarianism, was invented by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), and the theory was refined by John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). According to the theory, an action is morally right, if it produces the good results in the greatest good, for the greatest number of people affected by it (Ghillyer, 2010). In the situation seen in the case study, Alice would ‘follow’ the company’s policy or plan, as not telling the truth over her friend’s happiness, if the assumption is made that she chooses to base on the utilitarianism, for the greater good of the company and its people. The decision would give advantages to the remaining people at Shore Manufacturing’s plants, but the 200 workers who have faced the redundancy. In this case, she could secure her job as well. This concept, utilitarianism is often used by organisations or business professionals, even government policy makers on the greatest good in the real world (Weiss, 2003). Unlike utilitarianism, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued â€Å"universalism that holds that the means justify the ends of an action, not the consequences†. It is called as Kant’s theory or deontology. The theory focuses on the right actions with a particular behaviour rather than on its consequences (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). By this theory, there are some things that we should not do because the actions may be defined as ‘bad’ (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011). This theory is based on universal principles; justice, rights, fairness and so on (Weiss, 2003). It tells that our actions are from duty and obligation with moral worth. So whether she does tell her friend or not tell, her action can be judged as the ‘right’ or ‘bad’ action as the action itself, not by the results. At this point of view, she is may forced not telling about redundancies because she may think that is company’s policy and her duty. The decision would be based on justice and fairness. Another theory, virtue ethics treats people’s action and choices through their virtue. As Plato and Aristotle believe that â€Å"all human beings aim at being happiness† (Werhane Freeman, 1997, p. 647), happiness is the ‘end’ of human action in virtue ethics. A person’s performing the act which is connected with virtue determines that the action is ethically good or bad (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). Alice could make a decision upon her own values and so she would have the moral responsibility. The development of process gives people the moral responsibility of individuals. The theory is on the basis of the quality of the person. The most important thing in ethics and social relationships are not in the actions on the theory. An action is judged by the virtuousness of a person rather than the results or justice (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009). The virtue ethics gives us a question, â€Å"what sort of person do I want to become and how do I go about becoming that person? The last theory is an ethic of care. This theory emphasizes the significance of the relationships. It approaches â€Å"argues that since we are interdependent upon others for our individual identity and well-being we have a moral obligation to consider the needs, desires, values and well-being of those with whom we have special, close or concrete relationships† (Shaw, Barry Sansbury, 2009, p. 93). At this point of view, Alice may care her friend, as she may be close to her friend, having a moral duty as a friend. Those theories may help to build Alice’s morality which is her moral judgement. The concept of the term moral judgement which is an ethical judgement of values that may be cognition decided good or bad and right or wrong. Actually, in human society, there is a socially accepted idea that ethics is equal to rationality, so that moral judgement should be logical, should be based on facts. Alice could prioritize what she really cares about in this case by her logical value. However, there is also another idea. As Joshua Greene published in 2001, the results of his study, that the intuitive emotion is more affected than rationality to make ethical actions, in an ethical dilemma situation (Jo, 2011). This could make Alice’s decision totally different. The different way to judge moral decision would bring different process and consequences, depending on Alice’s value or feelings. Alice would morally judge her situation using those theories. Egoism and utilitarianism are consequential theories that refer to that the outcomes are the most importance. However, there is a big difference, egoism pursued my benefits and utilitarianism aims to the greatest mount of people’s benefit and their happiness. Kant’s ethics, virtue theory and ethic of care are non-consequential theories. Kant’s ethics focuses on the right action rather than its consequences. The action may be occurred by justice and rights by the theory. On virtue theory, the action is determined by one’s virtues. Ethic of care is concerned with the dependent sides, the social relationships. Through the study of the case †The Layoff† and those several theories, Alice would make a better choice, but the better choice may not be judged as a right or wrong answer. The six step process would be used to analyse her situation and the ethical dilemma.